Maluma®

Fruit

  • Shape: pyriform
  • Skin colour: black when ripe
  • Skin thickness: medium
  • Skin surface: rough with large, prominent ‘pebbles’
  • Flesh recovery: high, typically about 85%
  • Fruit weight: 150 – 400g
  • Seed: oval with a slightly flattened base
  • Maturity: early to mid season
  • Quality: excellent but due to high respiration rate requires high level of postharvest management especially with regard to prompt removal of field heat, and strict maintenance of cool chain

Leaf

Long narrow leaf shape of Maluma® avocado tree
Long narrow leaf shape of Maluma®
  • Elliptic, almost parallel sides with slightly wavy margins, distinctively long, narrow and very concave, leaf colour duller and more olive green than other varieties

Tree

  • Canopy architecture: upright with strong apical dominance and lateral branching, due to its upright growth habit suitable for planting at higher densities than Hass
  • Vigour: low
  • Race: Mexican/Guatemalan

Flower

Type: A

Production & marketing

  • Precocious and high yielding
  • Performs well across a range of environment
  • No growth retardants are needed due to low vigour and short growth flushes
  • Picking maturity should be managed carefully to ensure good quality
  • Skin is high in anthocyanin and this red pigment may cause a pink blush appearance in the outer flesh – originally considered a negative but now marketed as a positive
  • Royalty paid per tree on purchase

Gem®

Fruit

Gem avocado fruit: Showing the pattern of yellow lenticels whilst skin is still green
Showing the pattern of yellow lenticels whilst skin is still green
Gem avocado fruit: Showing how GEM® fruit is borne inside of canopy providing more protection from wind and sunburn.
Showing how GEM® fruit is borne inside of canopy providing more protection from wind and sunburn.
  • Shape: ellipsoid without shoulders
  • Skin colour: black when ripe
  • Skin thickness: thick
  • Skin surface: slightly pebbly with distinctive yellow lenticels evident whilst skin still green
  • Flesh recovery: generally lower than Hass
  • Fruit weight: 220 – 330g
  • Seed: oval with a slightly flattened base
  • Maturity: late
  • Quality: excellent

Leaf

  • Elliptic shape, longish, curved midrib, noticeably concave, slightly wavy margins

Tree

  • Canopy architecture: Upright with single leader, moderately spreading but more compact than Hass, due to its upright growth habit suitable for planting at higher densities than Hass
  • Vigour: high
  • Race: predominantly Guatemalan

Flower

Type: A

Production & marketing

  • Reported in some situations as yielding 30% higher than Hass
  • Reported to be tolerant of hot conditions
  • Low alternate bearing index (i.e. less prone to alternate bearing) so can be hung later on the tree with less severe consequences
  • Bears fruit inside the canopy providing wind and sun protection
  • Heavy regular bearer of evenly-sized fruit
  • Takes longer to mature than Hass
  • Royalty paid per tree on purchase, and then a royalty per tree each year from year 4 onwards

Carmen®

Carmen® is also known as Mendez 1

Fruit

  • Shape: oval
  • Skin colour: black when ripe
  • Skin thickness: medium
  • Skin surface: pebbly
  • Flesh recovery: average
  • Fruit weight: 200 – 285g
  • Seed: slightly more oval than round
  • Maturity: early to mid-season
  • Quality: excellent, similar to Hass

Leaf

  • Well-proportioned elliptic shape, leaf blades flat to slightly concave with straight midribs and wavy leaf margins

Tree

  • Canopy architecture: dense, round and compact
  • Vigour: moderate
  • Race: predominantly Guatemalan

Flower

  • Type: A

Production & marketing

  • Precocious and consistent bearing, reported in some situations as yielding 20 to 30% higher than Hass
  • The main crop is generally earlier than Hass, but due to multiple flowerings through the year there will be fruit ready to harvest at different times of year
  • More cold tolerant than Hass
  • Royalty paid per tree on purchase

Lamb Hass

Fruit

  • Shape: pyriform with distinctive ‘square’ shoulders and relatively flat base
  • Skin colour: black when ripe
  • Skin thickness: medium and brittle
  • Skin surface: finely pebbled
  • Flesh recovery: medium
  • Seed: medium size and conical to round
  • Fruit weight: larger than Hass, 235 – 405g
  • Maturity: late season which results in a high propensity for alternate bearing
  • Quality: good to very good eating quality but can be stringy if harvested too early

Leaf

  • Elliptic shape, concave, slightly curved midrib, slightly wavy leaf margins, usually darker green than Hass

Tree

  • Canopy architecture: Upright therefore suitable for planting at higher densities than Hass
  • Vigour: moderate to high
  • Race: predominantly Guatemalan

Flower

  • Type: A

Production & marketing

  • Precocious and high yielding
  • Bears fruit inside the canopy providing wind and sun protection
  • Has lost popularity because of its susceptibility to alternate bearing but may supply a useful market window in some regions
  • Skin turns black before flesh has softened which can confuse consumers who are used to Hass
  • Fruit tenders to be borne in clusters
  • Royalty payable on tree purchase

 

 

 

 

 

Food safety

Jump to these sections in the article:
Freshcare
HARPS

Food safety

Food Safety refers to handling, preparing and storing avocados in a way to best reduce the risk of individuals becoming sick from foodborne illnesses. The principles of food safety aim to prevent food from becoming contaminated and causing food poisoning.

To ensure that all food handled in the packhouse is safe to eat, the first step is to identify the potential food hazards that exist in a food handling environment with the second step to put in place practices to manage those hazards. These practices often include:

  • Properly cleaning and sanitising all surfaces and equipment
  • Maintaining a high level of personal hygiene, especially hand-washing
  • Storing, chilling and heating food correctly with regards to temperature, environment and equipment
  • Implementing effective pest control (www.foodsafety.com.au)

Freshcare

As an example, the Freshcare Food Safety & Quality Standard is an industry owned standard. Based on the principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), the Freshcare Food Safety & Quality Standard describes the good agricultural practices required on farm to provide assurance that fresh produce is safe to eat and has been prepared to meet customer requirements. The standard criteria developed is a HACCP based system, underpinned by the Freshcare master HACCP plan. The Freshcare Program meets the requirements of a wide range of customer groups and forms the basis of many approved supplier programs.

The Code identifies good agricultural practices required to:

  • identify and assess the risk of food safety hazards that may occur during land preparation, growing, harvesting and packing of fresh produce
  • prevent or minimise the risk of food safety hazards occurring
  • prepare produce to customer specifications
  • identify, trace and withdraw/recall produce
  • manage staff and documentation
  • review compliance.

More information on Freshcare Food Safety & Quality – On-Farm is available here:
https://www.freshcare.com.au/standards/food-safety-quality/

• Freshcare approved certification bodies can be found here:
https://www.freshcare.com.au/auditing-and-certification/certification-bodies/

HARPS

In Australia, the Harmonised Australian Retailer Produce Scheme (HARPS), is a retailer-led scheme designed to assist with compliance to food safety, legal and trade legislate on for suppliers to the major grocery retailers in Australia. Certification to a recognised base scheme such as BRC, Freshcare, GLOBALG.A.P. or SQF, plus HARPS, is now accepted by the five domestic chain retailers, eliminating the need for duplication and unnecessary costs.

More information is available on HARPS at https://harpsonline.com.au/

https://harpsonline.com.au/tools-and-templates/

Recall

A food recall is action taken to remove unsafe food from distribution, sale and consumption. All food businesses must be able to quickly remove food from the marketplace to protect public health and safety. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) coordinates and monitors food recalls in Australia. Suppliers should assign someone in the business the responsibility for enacting a food recall should it become an issue. The first responsibility of that person should at least be to seek information on a recall notification obligations and guidance on a plan of action from FSANZ:  http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/industry/foodrecalls/Pages/default.aspx

Growers or packhouses facing a recall are also encouraged to contact Avocados Australia as soon as possible if there is a serious food safety incident, which may impact on the broader industry. Find our contacts: click here.

Packhouses should have identification and traceability systems in place so that any product deemed to be “unsafe” can be identified and removed from sale. While this deals with the immediate batch, identifying the cause of the problem requires an effective traceability system that often includes:

  • ensuring that bin numbers have pick date, block number and bins coming out of that block
  • driver’s providing dockets to the packhouse manager for each load transported for example, “bin receival sheet” or “consignment delivery docket”
  • fruit received from each block and packed into trays, must be labelled with the pack date. Trays placed on pallet must also be identified by pallet number.  Information must then be recorded to enable the trace of pallet number back to block number.

Traceability

Traceability

Traceability is the ability to track any food through all stages of production, processing and distribution (including importation and at retail). Traceability enables corrective actions to be implemented quickly and effectively when something goes wrong. This might include a quick product recall for food safety issues or investigation of likely cause where quality had unexpectantly degraded. Traceability allows food businesses to target the product(s) affected, minimising disruption to trade, reputation and any potential public health risks. Traceability should mean that movements can be traced one step backwards and one step forward at any point in the supply chain.

Traceability is one of the components under the food safety schemes such as the Freshcare Code of Practice. The ‘Product identification and traceability’ component sets out to maintain a product identification and traceability system to enable produce to be traced from production to its destination.

The compliance criteria include

  1. 1.  A record of all produce harvested is kept and must include:
  • crop/variety
  • growing site
  • earliest harvest date in consideration of exclusion periods
  • harvest date
  • packing date
  • batch identification code (where applicable)
  • quantity
  • destination.

2.  Where harvested produce is sent to another business for packing or further processing, each delivery is clearly identified with supplier name and harvest or delivery date.

3.  A record of all produce received from suppliers is kept and must include:

  • supplier business name
  • crop/variety
  • date received
  • packing date
  • batch identification code (where applicable).

4.  All packed produce sent to a customer is marked with:

  • business name and physical address
  • packing date and/or batch identification code
  • other trade descriptions required by customer or legislation.

Appropriate records to be kept include a “Harvest and packing record” and a “Supplier traceability” dispatch records.

Current status of avocado exports

Australia exported a record volume of 10,685 tonnes of avocados in the 12 months to 30 June 2023 and valued at $58.82 Million (AUD). Unit prices were 23% higher at AU $5.51 per kilogram. To see the Australian avocado exports and imports report for 2022/23, click here.

Hong Kong was the leading destination taking 5,074 tonnes or 48 per cent share of exports followed by Singapore with 3403 tonnes. Malaysia dropped 22 per cent to 1,752 tonnes. These three markets (Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia) combined accounted for 96 per cent of the total exports of avocados from Australia.

In May 2018, Japan released a new protocol agreement for Australian Hass avocado fruit to Japan. Read more by clicking here. Trade to Japan for 2022/ 23 FY was 277 tonnes, lifting from zero tonnes in 2020/21 FY.

As at July 2022, work continued to potentially access Thailand market, there are 76 tonnes exported in the last 12 months as of September 2023. From September to Mid-November 2023, the total export volume to Thailand has reached 283 tonnes.

The majority of supply destined for export markets in 2023 was sourced from Queensland and New South Wales.

 

The export process

Jump to these sections in the article:
The Role of the Department (DAWR)
Exporter’s Responsibilities
Guidelines provided by DAWR
Compliance Requirements for Export Businesses
Documentation of export consignments / EXDOC
Plant Exports National Documentation Hub and PEMS

This section outlines the responsibilities of the main parties and the processes involved in physically exporting your avocados from Australia.

The Role of the Department (DAWR)

The Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (DAWR) controls exports of agricultural products, including fresh fruit and vegetables, which are considered a ‘prescribed’ good in the legislation. This assures trading partners that Australian agricultural products meet import requirements.

DAWR’s responsibilities and powers are defined in the Export Control Act 1982 and associated legislation.

Through DAWR’s Plant Export Operations, documents presented by Australian exporters can be certified to ensure compliance with:

  • the Export Control Act 1982 and subordinate legislation
  • importing country requirements
  • Australia’s obligations under the International Plant Protection Convention.

DAWR’s Plant Export Operations works on a cost recovery basis for export service and provides independent fee-for-service export inspection and certification services to exporters. Details of export service fees and charges are detailed in ‘Charging Guidelines 2015-16’ 

DAWR also maintains a Horticulture Export Industry Consultative Committee. Its role and purpose is to provide a forum for DAWR to consult with the industries involved in the export of horticulture products.

Exporter’s Responsibilities

As an exporter your responsibilities are:

  • meet exporter requirements outlined in the Export Control Act 1982 and other subordinate legislation
  • meet the importing country’s requirements
  • provide export compliant goods for inspection.

Before export documents are issued, you must ensure that the:

  • establishment where the commodity is prepared and inspected is registered by DAWR and maintained in a hygienic manner
  • transport unit used for export, such as container, is approved
  • product is inspected to ensure it is export compliant.

Once these conditions are met, DAWR will issue an export permit or other required documentation.

Guidelines provided by DAWR

The following guidelines are provided to explain the export process for Australian avocado exporters. These are based on guidelines provided by DAWR.

DAWR provides a comprehensive manual – The Plant Export Operations Manual – that outlines in detail information about exporting plants and plant products, export legislation, importing country requirements, product inspections, authorised officers and documentation.

Step 1. Identify whether your goods are ‘prescribed’

Yes, fresh avocados are a ‘prescribed’ good

Step 2. Check the importing country requirements

As an exporter it is your responsibility to check the importing country’s requirements for fresh avocados and if there are any special conditions to be met before you export. Seek information from:

  • The importing country’s National Plant Protection Organisation
  • MICoR (Plants)
  • Your importer.

Step 3. Submit a Notice of Intention to Export or Request for Permit form (RFP) and supporting documents. This documentation must be completed before you export.

Check if any supporting documentation is required. This may include: treatment of the commodity, pest-free area status, or inspection for pests and/or disease during the growing phase. RFPs can be completed through the EXDOC system (see section on Documentation of Export Consignments/ EXDOC below).

Step 4. Prepare your avocados

Fresh avocados must be prepared and inspected in a registered establishment in accordance with the Export Control (Plants and Plant Products) Order 2011, before they are exported. For information on registering your premises see section Compliance Requirements for Export Businesses below. 

Avocados may be pre-packed before inspection if the packaging can be removed in a way that allows an Authorised Officer (AO) to inspect them using a method approved under the Export Control (Plants and Plant Products) Order 2011. Alternatively, the avocados may be packed after inspection.

Step 5. Present documents and goods to an Authorised Officer

Present documents and goods
Before export, your avocados must be inspected and certified by an Authorised Officer (AO) at a registered establishment. As the exporter, It is your responsibility to make sure the avocados presented for inspection are export compliant.

To arrange an inspection by a DAWR AO, submit a Request for Plant Exports Inspection Appointment to Plant Export Operations. Inspections by other AOs, such as third party providers, should be organised with the AO. Present your documents to the AO before inspection.

Export Certification
To receive an export permit, provide DAWR a completed Notice of Intention to Export Prescribed Goods or a Request for Permit (RFP) and supporting documents as outlined in Step 3. Once the AO has inspected your goods and is satisfied that they meet the requirements of Australian export legislation and the importing country, the officer will sign and stamp the export permit at the bottom of the Notice of Intention or authorise the Request for Export Permit and send an inspection record to DAWR.

If you are using an industry AO, you must request authorisation of your export permit (see Step 6). If you are using a DAWR AO, they will either issue the permit manually on a Notice of Intention to Export Prescribed Goods form or electronically through the Export Documentation System EXDOC.

Your goods are export compliant and your export permit is valid for 28 days from the export permit issue date. Under certain conditions export permits may be revoked. If it is revoked it must be surrendered to an AO before close of business on the day after the permit is revoked.

Phytosanitary certificates
To confirm whether the importing country requires a phytosanitary certificate, search MICoR or contact the importing country’s National Plant Protection Organisation.

Some importing countries require you to include proof of the pest-free status of the produce or other information about the product, such as treatment. You may have to supply additional documents to demonstrate this. Some countries will only accept an electronic phytosanitary certificate.

If you require a certificate, ask your AO to provide one when you present your goods for inspection. The Export Control (Plants and Plant Products) Order 2011 outlines requirements for issuing phytosanitary certificates.

The Phytosanitary Certificate guarantees that Australian plants or plant products:

  • have been inspected and tested using appropriate procedures
  • are considered to be free from quarantine pests and practically free from other injurious pests
  • conform with current phytosanitary regulations of the importing country.

If you are re-exporting avocados imported from another origin country (New Zealand), different conditions apply. For more details see DAWR’s Exporting plants and plant products: A step-by-step guide for Australian exporters (section 5)

Other certificated and forms
If other certificates are required by an importing country they will be available at: http://www.agriculture.gov.au/export/controlled-goods/plants-plant-products/forms/e16

Lodging  forms
Lodge forms electronically through EXDOC or submit a hard copy by email, post or in person to your local DAWR office.

Step 6. Export your avocados

Packing: After the avocados have been inspected and passed as export compliant, they may be packed into packaging, containers or vessels under conditions outlined in the Export Control (Plants and Plant Products) Order 2011. An Authorised Officer must inspect packaging to confirm it is sufficient to protect the goods. Packaging must be unused or suitably cleaned.

Export: Once you are ready to export your goods, contact Plant Export Operations to have your certificates authorised.

Compliance Requirements for Export Businesses

For prescribed products, such as fresh avocados, the Export Control Act 1982 defines the compliance requirements for export businesses:

  • Registration of Premises Requirements
    All premises where goods prescribed in the legislation are prepared for export must be registered to undertake those operations by DAWR under the Export Control (Prescribed Goods –General) Order 2005.  Preparation for export includes processing, packing or storage of goods; treatment of goods and handling or loading of goods.

The business manager must complete an Export Registration Form (EX26) and the establishment must be constructed and have appropriate equipment and work practices to comply with export legislation. The establishment will be audited to confirm compliance with export requirements. Once DAWR provides a letter and certificate of registration, the establishment can produce product for export. Registration timelines are outlined in the Service Charter – Plant Export Operations. These are available at:

Some importing countries may require Australian establishments to be listed before export. They may also expect the establishment to be successfully audited by their own officials.

  • Business must have an ‘Approved Arrangement’
    When an establishment requests to become export registered, it must have a completed ‘Approved Arrangement’ available for assessment by DAWR. This is a document written specifically for the establishment which includes specific processes and procedures that will enable the establishment to successfully export. An ‘Approved Arrangement’ covers all the commodities that the establishment wants to export and the requirements of destination markets.

For plants and plant products controlled by DAWR, an application for registration of an export establishment must be accompanied by plans, specifications and evidence of an operational record-keeping system.

Fees are charged for this service.

  • Management by a fit and proper person – fit and proper criteria include, but are not limited to, being law abiding, truthful in your statements to the government and complying with government directions.
  • Compliance with relevant standards – the establishment and the operations conducted in that establishment must meet minimum standards, including export standards and importing country requirements.
    • Export standard – compliance with the standards in the export legislation will enable access to international markets.
    • Importing country requirements – Some trading partners place additional requirements on establishments that want to export to them. See importing country requirements on MICoR.

Documentation of export consignments / EXDOC

Export documentation includes export permits as required by the Export Control Act (1982) and export certificates as required by importing country authorities. This documentation can be managed in DAWR’s Export Documentation System (EXDOC). It is used by exporters of horticulture and other ‘prescribed’ products, to generate the necessary export permits, certificates and related documents as required by importing countries.

There are two types of users of EXDOC:

  • Exporters – the exporter is the party legally liable for the goods and is nominated on the export documentation.
  • EDI Users – An EDI User is the party raising the documentation. EDI Users are required to have an installed third party software package to interface with the EXDOC system and are issued a unique EDI User number.

It is possible to register as both an Exporter and an EDI User.

Fees and charges apply for export permits and related documentation. These are outlined in DAWR’s charging guidelines. There is also a cost for third party software for EDI Users to interface with EXDOC.

Users of both EXDOC and the Department of Immigration and Border Protection’s Integrated Cargo System (ICS) can link the two systems by registering for Single Electronic Window (SEW). This allows EXDOC to generate an export declaration number (EDN) necessary for Integrated Cargo System clearance and streamlines the export process.

See EXDOC system and the SEW and related fees and charges for more information.

Plant Exports National Documentation Hub and PEMS

DAWR has been progressively rolling out a new hub, the Plant Exports National Documentation Hub, to improve access to all the information and documentation services.  The national documentation hub will help make the documentation and certification process more efficient by providing:

  • electronic processing and issuing of export certification, through EXDOC
  • management of any amendments to export certification
  • ongoing verification of export documentation and reporting, as required to ensure compliance with certification requirements
  • a single invoice for each consignment.

In addition to this, a new documentation system called the Plant Export Management System (PEMS) is also being progressively rolled out. PEMS is for plant export Authorised Officers (AOs) and exporters to simplify and improve the plant export documentation process. This will result in some changes to export documentation processes in the future.

The diagram below shows the documentation process and identifies what tasks will be performed by an exporter, DAWR Plant Exports National Documentation Hub and Authorised Officers.

Looking for help

Jump to these sections in the article:
Organisations
Grants and financial services
Supporting publications
Department of Agriculture & Water Resource – links
Legislation

There are a range of organisations, services and resources that can support your endeavours in the export area.

Organisations

Avocados Australia as the representative industry body for the Australian avocado industry provides a range of services to members and the broader industry to foster growth and development. The organisation has a dedicated Export Committee, which pursues better export outcomes for the sector. It also provides support related to export development and access to industry export data. For more information visit www.avocado.org.au or call (07) 3846 6566.
 Hort Innovation Hort Innovation as the Australian horticulture industry’s grower-owned Research and Development (R&D) and marketing company has responsibility to represent the sector on trade matters and deliver market access and export outcomes for Australian horticulture growers.  For more information visit:   http://horticulture.com.au/trade/
  The Export Council of Australia is the peak membership body for companies involved in international business. It assists business by providing education and training in international business skills through its subsidiary The Australian Institute of Export, conducting international market research, building global networks and advocating on behalf of the sector. For more information visit: www.export.org.au
  Austrade, the Australian Trade & Investment Commission, is an agency of the Australian Government which assists Australian companies to grow their business in international markets. It also administers the Export Market Development Grants (EMDG) scheme, a financial assistance program for small and medium sized Australian businesses that are developing export markets. For more information visit: www.austrade.gov.au
  The Australian Horticultural Exporters’ and Importers’ Association (AHEIA) is a national association formed to promote the development of the export and import of fresh horticultural produce. It supports its members and the broader fresh produce export sector by identifying issues that affect exports and imports and work on solutions to facilitate and maintain trade. For more information visit: www.horticulturetrade.com.au

State Government Trade Departments. All of the State Governments have trade and investment areas that provide support in developing export capacity and markets. The range of the services they offer vary from State to State. For more information visit:

State Chambers of Commerce have international trade departments that provide services, including information, documentation, events, trade missions and connections, to support their members. For more information visit:

Bilateral Business Councils provide access to information, networks and events to assist in developing trade and relationships between Australia and other countries.

Grants and financial services

  The Export Market Development Grants (EMDG) scheme is a financial assistance program aimed at encouraging small to medium businesses to develop export markets. It provides up to eight grants to each eligible business for reimbursement of up to 50% of eligible export promotion expenses above $5,000 (provided that total expenses are at least $15,000). For more details on EMDG and to understand eligibility criteria visit:   https://www.austrade.gov.au/Australian/Export/
Export-Grants/About/what-is-emdg
  EFIC, the Export Finance & Investment Corporation, is a specialist financier that supports small and medium Australian companies involved in export supply chains or looking to establish business operations to improve supply and service capability to clients. They offer a range of products including loans, guarantees, bonds and insurance products. For more information visit:   www.efic.gov.au

Supporting publications

  Australian Export Handbook – 21st Edition published by the Australian Institute of Export. This publication provides comprehensive information on selling in export markets, export procedures and documentation, Free Trade Agreements, Customs regulations, banking & finance, foreign exchange, insurance, freight forwarding, packaging, labelling, incoterms, intellectual property etc. For more information visit:   http://www.aiex.com.au/international-trade-publications
  MICoR (Plants), the Manual of Importing Country Requirements, is a reference tool detailing information about the conditions to export plants and plant products, including fruit, vegetables, seeds, grains, cut flowers and timber from Australia. It provides information regarding the requirements for Import Permits, Phytosanitary Certificates, Additional Declarations and/or treatments, and also any other relevant export information and documentation, such as protocols. For more information visit:   http://micor.agriculture.gov.au/Plants/pages/default.aspx
  EXDOC is a software application developed by the DAWR for the purpose of managing export documentation for primary produce. For more information http://www.agriculture.gov.au/export/certification/exdoc/about
  Incoterms 2010. The Incoterms rules or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/incoterms-rules/incoterms-rules-2010/

Australian Government Department of Agriculture – links

Export Industry Advice Notices (subscribe to relevant notices here)
Export Service Fees – Department of Agriculture
Export Inspection Appointment Request
MICoR
Export Documentation System (EXDOC)
Plant Export Operations – Service Charter
Plant Export Operations – Contact Details

Legislation

Export Control Act 1982
Export Control (Plants and Plant Products) Order 2011